GENERAL APPEARANCE
Shoulder height: 28-31cm (1 1”-12”).
Colour: Nearly black, grey, red, wheaten, cream or brindle. Dark muzzle and ears are typical.
Coat: Outer coat — profuse, harsh but not coarse. Undercoat - short, soft and close. Weatherproof.
Gait: Smoothly co-ordinated with strong propulsion.
These hardy, game little terriers with their shaggy coats have a workmanlike appearance. The broad skull is surmounted by a profuse topknot of hair through which small darker coloured ears project. The widely set eyes are all but hidden by the shaggy eyebrows. The strong body with well sprung ribs is level and ends with an undocked gaily carried tail. The forefeet may turn out slightly.
CHARACTERISTICS AND CARE
The Cairn’s ability to kill vermin, foxes and badgers resulted in them being highly prized by the crofters in Scotland. Expected to use their own initiative, these terriers are both intelligent and independent. It should be realised that digging to a Cairn is like swimming to a fish. This is not a breed for conscientious gardeners. Being sensitive, firm training is more successful than harsh discipline. Living to 15 or so years, the Cairns make good companions to children who want a fun loving hardy playmate. Only periodic brushing is required to remove dead hair.
HISTORY
Cairn Terriers are one of the oldest of the Scottish breeds and take their name from the Gaelic word ‘cairn’ meaning a pile of stones. They were expected to go to ground after foxes and other short haired vermin found in west Scotland. They are extremely hardy as the rugged countryside is bleak and decidedly rocky. In order to survive on both land or water, these little dogs needed to be as tough as nails. 

GENERAL APPEARANCE
A medium sized, well balanced, strong and square dog resembling the wild dog type. Strong distinction between the sexes.
Coat: Hair - Outer coat dense, harsh and straight, of short to medium length. Undercoat close and profuse.
Colour: Sand to red-brown, white, black, or spotted, with or without mask. If masked, mask must be symmetrical. Black mask permitted on all colours. White markings are permitted on all colours: “Boston Terrier” patterns are common. Grey, brindle, black-and-tan or tricolour are unacceptable. Desert colours , sand, gold, red, cream , are most typical of the breed.
Sizes: Height at withers: 50-60 cm. Males can be considerably larger than females. 
Weight: 18-25 kg
CHARACTERISTICS
Classified by the F.C.I. under Asian Spitz and related breeds.
TEMPERAMENT
Alert, quick to react, distrustful of strangers, strongly defensive but not naturally aggressive. Vigilant, not only against man but other animals as well. Extraordinarily devoted and amenable to training. 

GENERAL APPEARANCE
The Canadian Eskimo Dog is a powerfully built, moderately sized dog with a thick neck and chest and medium length legs. Typical of the spitz family of dogs he has a wedge shaped head held high with erect ears. The eyes are obliquely set giving a serious appearance. The dog has a bushy tail carried up or curled over the back. Of almost equal height at the hips as at the withers, medium to large boned and well muscled the dog displays a majestic and powerful physique giving the impression that he is not built for speed but rather for hard work. During the winter the body is thickly clothed with an outer coat of straight or erect hair, below is dense undercoat which enables the animal to easily to withstand the rigours of high latitudes. A mane like growth of longer hair over the neck and shoulders will appear on male specimens. The whole conformation of the Canadian Eskimo Dog should be one of strength, power and endurance balanced with agility, alertness and boldness. The female of the breed will usually have a shorter coat than the male and will always be significantly smaller than the males. As young bitches, they will be finer boned giving among other things a narrower head which tends to produce a friendlier looking face than with the males.
Sizes: Dogs Height at withers (shoulders): Weight 30-40 kg: Bitches Height at withers 50-60 cm: Weight 18-30 kg
CHARACTERISTICS & TEMPERAMENT
Both males and females of the breed are known to have a rapid growth rate reaching working size around seven months. However, the maturing process extends to at least three years of age giving them a very majestic appearance. Puppies have often been described as miniature adults, with erect ears and a curly tail at the young ages between three to five weeks.  The natural voice is a howl, not a bark. When in a group the dogs often give voice in a chorus of strangely woven tones and it is one of the thrilling sounds of the Arctic. 
The temperament of the Canadian Eskimo Dog should reflect the tough hard-working breed that he is. He is not to be viewed as a domestic pet but rather as a primitive dog originally domesticated by Inuit for specific tasks in a harsh arctic environment. In general disposition, the mature Canadian Eskimo Dog is gentle and affectionate with the average individual, enjoying attention. Even with total strangers the dogs are rarely standoffish. Usually they will exhibit a rather quiet friendliness and harmless curiosity or become completely distant. Compared to modern domestic breeds, the Canadian Eskimo Dog has almost over response to any stimulus whether it be food, work, fighting or play. For this reason, the dog should be a companion for adults and is not to be considered a child’s pet. 

GENERAL APPEARANCE
Sizes: Height at shoulder): Males from 64 to 68 cm: Females from 60 to 64 cm
Weight: Males 45 to 50kg: Females 40 to 45 kg 
A medium to large sized dog. Robust and sturdy but nevertheless elegant. Lean with powerful muscles. He is now used as a guard, protection, police or tracking dog. Important proportions: The length of the head reaches 36% of the height at the withers. The dog is somewhat longer than high.
CHARACTERISTICS
Temperament: He is a guardian of property, family and livestock and is extremely agile and responsive. In the past it has been used for herding cattle and hunting big game.
Coat: Short, shiny and very dense with a light undercoat.
Colour: Black, lead-grey, slate grey, light grey, light fawn, stag red and dark fawn, brindle (stripes of different shades of fawn or grey). In fawn coloured and brindle dogs the black or grey mask on the muzzle should not go beyond the line of the eyes. A small white patch on the chest, on the tips of the feet and on the bridge of the nose is acceptable. 

GENERAL APPEARANCE
Shoulder height: Approx. 33-36cm (13”-14”).
Colour: Black/tan, Ruby, Blenheim (red and white) and tricolour.
Coat: Long silky with plenty of feathering. Wavy coats are permissible but not curly coats.
Gait: Free moving and elegant with plenty of drive and no looseness in the joints.
A graceful well balanced dog with a gentle expression enhanced by soft round dark eyes. The broad almost flat skull is framed by long ears hanging to the side. A nicely crested neck runs into a strong back with a level topline and a tail that wags gaily in movement. The hindquarters are well angulated and the feet should be compact and well feathered.
CHARACTERISTICS AND CARE 
Cavaliers are happy active toy dogs who love to please people. They should - be quite fearless, affectionate and sporting in character and make excellent companions to young and old alike. They are easily trained. Their coat requires only occasional brushing - just enough to keep the feathering, particularly the ear fringes, from getting dirty or knotted.
HISTORY
Although the breed’s origins in Britain were similar to that of the King Charles Spaniel and date back to the Tudor and Stuart times from the 16th century. Their popularity was really established in the mid 17th century by Charles II who was rarely seen without a number at his heels. At much the same time, the breed was also popular with the aristocracy in Holland and Spain where many art masters included them in their paintings. During the early 19th century, the English breeders selectively bred for shorter muzzles and ultimately achieved this until in profile their faces were quite flat.
In 1926 an American, disturbed by the loss of the original type, offered prize money at the following five annual Crufts Shows in London, for the best specimen of the earlier type with a longer muzzle. The result was that the Cavalier breed as we know it today, was resuscitated with the added prefix of Cavalier to the title King Charles Spaniel.